If a manufacturer is to build up export trade as an important feature of his business, it is evident that he must either Provide a great addition to his working capital or he must have assistance of some kind in financing this export trade. In the countries which are the chief commercial competitors of the United States England and Germany systems of financing foreign sales are worked out in great detail; and this constitutes one of the most important advantages which these countries enjoy in competing with American manufacturers in such markets as those of the Far East and South America. A like system is now in process of formation in this country. It is to be hoped that it will be completely worked out in time to enable American manufacturing exporters to get a firm hold on the trade in competitive markets during the present favorable conditions. Basically there are five possible methods under which the manufacturer who is making export shipments may quickly realize the cash value of his shipments: 1. He may turn over the financing (with or without the selling) to a firm of commission merchants who agree to pay the manufacturer in cash and to charge a sufficiently higher price to the customer to compensate them for their special knowledge, advances of money, and risk. In some lines, and with the proviso that the right kind of contract is made with commission houses, this may prove to be a satisfactory method. 2. The exporter may carry through his own sales, draw a draft in accordance with the usual custom to accompany the shipment, turn the draft or bill of exchange as it is more commonly called over to his local bank to send forward for collection, and on the strength of this increased business secure from his bank an enlarged line of credit. This is very much the same plan that would be followed if the manufacturer were to increase his domestic business. It is usually highly unsatisfactory as a means of financing export shipments, however, because the banker is seldom willing to grant credit for a sufficient length of time, or to a large enough amount, to give the Manufacturer all the assistance that he needs. In other words, under this plan it is necessary for the manufacturer largely to increase his working capital in order to handle export trade and this places him at a disadvantage as compared with his foreign competitors....

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